A new calculating model was derived from the relation of absolute hardness to the radii of polyvalent ions.
从绝对硬度与离子半径的关系导出一个高价离子电子亲合能的计算模型。
Surface hardness improvements of Nylon 6 implanted with ions were linked to mechanism of energy loss of ions.
离子注入后，尼龙6表面硬度提高与离子能量损失机制有关。
White powder, effective hard-water complex metal ions such as calcium and magnesium, lower hardness and change the water quality to make it more conducive to washing operation.
白色粉末，有效络合硬水中的钙镁等金属离子，降低硬度，改变水质，使其更利于洗涤操作。
应用推荐